1962 - , 2003: independent economic researcher studying problems of poverty; geography; and health in developing countries; PhD in economics; MA in demography; Univ. of California; Harvard Univ.; Cambridge; Mass.

1955 - , PhD in Economics; Columbia Universität; New York. Von 1989 bis 2010 tätig bei der World Bank (v.a. in Washington; DC); seit 2011 Director-General von National Council of Applied Economic Research; New Delhi

Wirkungsdaten 1997-, PhD in Political Science from the Autonomous University of Madrid; 1993-1995: European Union fellow (Human Capital and Mobility Programme) at the European Institute; London School of Economics and Political Science; Professor in the Department of Political Science; University of Burgos; Spain